fry 




F 234 
. J3 
S83 
Copy 1 



Souvenir, Guide 





1607- 1907 




Mtwttako historical Mtk§ 



-ot- 



^amestown 
Williamsburg 
an» 3J?orhtown 



B\> 3. Blair Spencer, fID. E>. 



. «, «■ V ^ «. 






(preface 




HIS little guide book has been designed for the purpose of giving to those 
visitors to "The Jamestown Exposition" who are fortunate enough to enjoy 
seeing Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown, an authentic souvenir of the 
places of interest found at these quaint historic villages, and with an idea of 
freshening certain important historical events associated with the Virginia 
Peninsula, "The Cradle of the Republic." In presenting this little summary we 
beg leave to call your attention to the fact that we are confining ourselves ex- 
clusively to Jamestown, the first Permanent English Settlement in America; 
Williamsburg, it's successor; and Yorktown, the birth-place of American Independence. 
Here I wish to acknowledge my thanks to Rev. W. A. R. Goodwin, Pies Lyon G. Tyler, 
and Mr. Samuel Yonge for the use of their works "Bruton Church," "The Cradle of the 
Republic," and "The Site of Old James-Towne", which were used as references in the com- 
pilation of data herein contained. T. B. S. 



a ,9 



Jamestown 




Che Settlement of lamestown 

HERE were two companies organ- 
ized in England in 1606, for the 
purpose of settling and improving 
Virginia, which was designated by 
.James I, as that territory lying be- 
tween degrees -".I and 45, or be- 
tween Ca.pe Fear River, North Car- 
olina, and Nova Scotia. One was 
designated a- "The Virginia Com- 
pany of London," i imonlj termed 

"The London Company;" the other, "The Plymouth 
Company." King James chartered both companies, 
giving to the former the right to plant a colony 
between that part of Virginia lying between the 
Cape Fear River, North Carolina, and the month of 
the Potomac River; and to the latter the right to 
colonize that part of Virginia between the mouth of 
the Hudson River and Nova Scotia. 



Both companies wire allowed the privilege of set- 
tling tin/ intervening tcrrit'in -.1 lung a s they re- 
mained fifty miles from each other. 

On December 19, L606, the Sarah Constant, the 
God-speed, and the Discovery, three small vessels, 
containing one hundred and five emigrant-, weighed 
anchor and sailed down the Thames, bound for Vir- 
ginia. After almost intolerable hardships they sighted 
land. 

Spring was at its height when the little fleet, under 
the command of Captain ( 'hristopher Newport, 
passed through the Capes and entered Hampton 
Roads. To these ('apes they gave the names of 
Henry and Charles in honor of the two sons of James 
I. The Colonists first landed on Virginia shores on 
.April 26th. They continued their voyage up the 
broad river that empties into Hampton Roads, for 
thirty-two miles, and with joyous hearts landed' 
on May 13, L607, Darning the river and their first 
settlement .lame- and Jamestown, respectively, in 



jjamestown 



honor of their Sovereign, .himcs I, King of England. 

The colonists began at once to build Log cabins 
and a fort; and a little later to till the soil and plant 
wheat, potatoes, fruit trees, etc. ; and elected Wing- 
field, President of the Council. 

The Rev. Robert Hunt had daily services from the 
Prayer Book of the < ihurch of England, and on Sun- 
day he preached two sermons to his charge from a 
crude board nailed between two trees and sheltered 
with canvas. In September, 1610, Wingfiell was 
succeeded by John Ratcliffe, as President of the 
< louncil. 

The colonisis at first were elated with hope. The 
balmy air, flowers of many colors and massive forests 
encouraged their home-sick hearts; but soon sickness, 
discord, frequent attacks by the Indians, and lack 
of supplies reduced the little hand of one hundred 
and four to forty. In the early winter of 1608 a 
supply of provisions was received from England, 
bui a few days later fire -wept almost the entire 

settlement. 



+ 



During the fall following the fire, Captain .Smith 
was elected President of the Council, the colony now 
numbering about four hundred; but again James- 
town was the victim of another pestilence, and the 
number of colonists was reduced to sixty. In 1609 
Captain George Percy succeeded Smith as President 
for a term of eight months. 

In the spring of 1610, Governor Gates arrived 
with supplies, but finding the deplorable state of 
affairs and the disheartened condition of the remain- 
ing settlers, in consultation with the council, he de- 
cided to abandon Jamestown. On the night of June 
7th, they unmarked down the river, but on the follow- 
ing day to their great disappointment they received 
orders from Lord Delaware, who had arrived at Old 
Point Comfort with his fleet, to return to Jamestown. 
On June 10, 1610, Lord Delaware, who had re- 
ceived his commission as Lord Governor of the col- 
ony, landed at Jamestown, and immediately began 
work to rebuild the fort and repair the deserted 
houses- 




The Old Tower at Jamestown, showing foundation in foreground 



3aincstown 



Sir Thomas Hale arrived in May, L611, with his 
commission as Deputy Governor, and in consultation 
with his Council decided to repair the church and 
store-house, and build several new houses. 

In Augusl of the same year Sir Thomas <!ates 
arrived with many immigrants and succeeded Dale 
as chief of the colony. 

Dale, with a majority of the settlers, was sent to 
build a town at the falls, this settlement to be palled 
"Henrico" in honor of Prince Henry. 

In Hay, 1616, Captain George Yeardley became 
Deputy Governor for Lord Delaware, and began at 
once to plant tobacco, which caused him to be re- 
moved after serving only one year. He was suc- 
ceeded by Captain Samuel Argall, and he in turn 
was succeeded by Nathaniel Powell, who served two 
years, and was removed to be succeeded by Yeardley, 
who was again put in charge of the colony, with full 
title of "Governor of Virginia." 

lie found Jamestown, as well as all other settle- 
ments, in a state of decay, but again the settlers with 



new energy began to improve their surroundings. 
The year. 1619, marked a new era in Virginia — 
Martial law, which had hitherto reigned, was abol- 
ished; each "Id settler was given one hundred acres 
of land ; the settlers were allowed to elect their first 
legislative body; the plans of a new school and college 
were discussed; and the first cargo of negro slaves 
to arrive in Virginia were landed. 

Immigration to Virginia became much greater 
than ever before. 

In 1624 Yeardley was succeeded by Sir Francis 
Wyatt, and mice more all seemed well for the settlers, 
but again malaria ami Indian massacre- reduced the 
number of colonists from several thousand to nine 
hundred. 

In 1624 the King of England withdrew the char- 
ter from the London Company and himself took 
charge of Virginia witli Sir Francis Wyatl as Gov- 




The Jamestown Communion Service 



3amcstown 




The Jamestown Baptismal Font 



In 1020 Sir George Yeardley again became Gov- 
ernor of Virginia. 

He died in 1627, and was succeeded by Captain 
Francis West, as acting Governor, elected by the 
Council. 

Dr. John Pott, likewise elected by the Council, 
succeeded West in 1029. 

The period between 1624 and 1630 marked an 
era of prosperity in Virginia, but in May, 1630, Sir 
John Harvey arrived as Governor, and again tyrannical 
vide began. 

His cruelty to the settlers, combined with bis be- 
trayal of territorial interests to Lord Baltimore, 
caused him to be arrested for treason by the Council 
and returned to England, Captain John West being 
elected in bis stead. 

Harvey was reinstated as Governor in 10.">7 by 
< harles I, but was removed in 1039. 

Sir Francis Wyatt was then sent as Governor, and 
acted until 1642. when he was succeeded by Sir Wil- 
liam Berkeley. 



3amc0town 



In L642 the second Indian massacre occurred, the 
Indians killing about three hundred whites. For 
several years the Indians remained hostile, during 
which time they were repeatedly defeated and dis- 
persed. 

Their chief, Opechaneanough, was captured and 
died while in prison at .Tamest own in 1646. 

In the same year as the Indian massacre, Berkeley 
sailed for England, being succeeded by Richard 
Kempe. In 1645 he (Berkeley) returned and again 
a —limed the governorship. 

In lii.-)2 the Governor and settlers surrendered 
Virginia to Parliament under the conditions that 
they were not to be taxed nor subjected to any laws 
not meeting with the approval of the General As- 
sembly. 

In April, 1652, Richard Bennett was elected Gov- 
ernor, and three years later Edward Diggs succeeded 
him. 

Tn 1658 Samuel Matthews was elected Governor. 

In March, 1660, Charles I, having been de- 



throned eleven years before, and there being no recog 
nized power in England, the Genera] Assembly re- 
called Sir William Berkeley. 

In 1660 King Charles II was proclaimed with 
great ceremonies at Jamestown, and he subsequently 
designated Virginia as his "Fifth Kingd ." 

Another effort was made to rebuild Jamestown in 
L665, and owing to the frequent fires, brick houses 
were recommended bj the General Assembly. 

In 1676 civil -I rife began, and in the same year 
Jamestown Was burned by Nathaniel Bacon, who 
had been rebellious to the oppressive laws of Berke- 
ley. 

Eaeon died in October oi the same year. 

Berkeley left Virginia in 1677 and was succeeded 
by Colonel Herberl Jeffryes, who died in 1678, and 
was succeeded bj Sir Henry Chickley. 

He was succeeded by Nicholas Spencer, I' 
of the Council, who add as Governor for one year. 

In 1684, Francis. Lord Howard of Effingham, was 



3amc8to\vn 



elected Governor, who after serving four years, was 
succeeded by Nathaniel Bacon, Sr. 

Sir Francis Nicholson was elected Lieutenant- 
Governor in L690, served two years and was suc- 
ceeded by Edmond Andros. 

In 1698, Sir Francis Nicholson was again elected 
Lieutenant-Governor, and served until 1705. 

The State House al Jamestown was destroyed by 
fire in 1698, which marked the end of Jamestown as 
the -cat of government of Virginia : thi capital being 
removed to Middle Plantation (afterwards Williams- * 
burg) in 1699. 

Cbc Church at 'jfamcstown 

I o reiterate, as soon as the settlers landed, on May 
13, 1607, thej began immediately to build a crude 
church, which was described by John Smith as fol- 
lows: "When I went first to Virginia, I well remem- 
ber we did hang an awning to three or four trees to 
shadow us from the sun; our walls were rails of 

10 



wood, our seats unhewed trees till we cut planks, our 
pulpit a bar of wood uailed to tw'o neighboring tree-." 
A little later this temporary structure was improved 
upon, and this, Smith describes as follows: "We built 
a homely thing like a barn se1 upon crochetts, covered 
with rafts, sedge ami earth, so was also the wall-." 
This structure was burned in January, 1608. 

The church was restored by Captain Newport in 
tin- same year ami repaired from time to time until 
Lord Delaware'- arrival in 1610, by whom it was 
renovated and beautified. In this church the mar- 
riage ceremony was performed for the first time in 
Virginia, by tin- Rev. Robert limit, when Anne Bur- 
ras became the bride of John Laydon. In KM I 
Pocahontas, the daughter of the Indian chieftain, 
Powhatan, married John Rolfe, who afterwards be- 
came a member of tin- < !ouncil. Thi- marriage 
formed an alliance betv/een the settlers and the In- 
dians which lasted until the death of Pocahontas, in 
England, in 1 61 7. 



Jamestown 



During the period between Gates's arrival in L610, 
and Argall's arrival in 1617, the church had become 
\<r\ much dilapidated and the storehouse was used in 
its stead. A new church was built by Captain Argall 
some time during his administration, KI17-1619, 
and this structure was used for a number of year-. 

In 1639 the Work was begun on a brick church, 
which was located where the old bower stands to-day. 
It was not completed for several years, and was 
burned by Nathaniel Bacon, in L676. The church 
was soon restored, supposedly on its original walls, 
and was in continuous use for many year- after- 
wards. 

The tower of this church is now standing, 
"Lone relic of the past; old mouldering pile, 
Where twines the ivy round its ruins gray." 

H "Cour to "Jamestown 

The tourist visiting Jamestown will at firsl find 
it very difficult to realize that these old ruins repre- 

11 



sent the birthplace of English speaking people in 
America, yet there is that indescribable something 
present, that impresses him and stimulates research. 

The principal places of historic interest, other 
than Jamestown Island and the noble .lames River, 
are the tower and foundations of the old church, the 
churchyard, numerous relics picked up on the island 
from time to time, the sites of the old Slate house, 
the three houses of Philip Ludwell, and the Country 
house. 

The old tower i cu1 opp. page I I is so-called "Eng- 
lish bond," and is eighteen feel square and originallj 
all.. in forty feel high'. The walls vary from three 
feel to eighteen inches in thickness, and contain 
numerous joisl and loop boles. 

The foundations of the lasl two churches extend 
east from the tower for fifty-six feet; are twent] 
wide, and very thick and substantial. In 1901, "The 
Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- 
ties," in its never-tiring search for historical relief, 
was fortunate enlough to procure the services 



3amc8town 



of Mr. John Tyler, Jr., to excavate around and be- 
tween the foundations. Mr. Tyler found smaller 
foundations about twenty feet wide and of relatively 
small thickness. 

In his, "Site of Old James-Towne," Mr. 
Yonge write-: "The slenderness of these foundations 
indicates that their superstructure was of timber." 
These foundations probably belonged to the third 
church, built during ArgalPs administration. This 
work also disclosed a tiled chancel, five and a half by 
twenty-two feet, and the bones of a number of un- 
known dead. 

The Jamestown Baptismal Fon1 (cut on page S) 
i- qow at Bruton Church, Williamsburg, Virginia, 
having been removed there in 1699. 

The Jamestown Communion Service (cut opp. 
page 6) is also at Bruton Church, having been re- 
moved there about the same time as the Font. 

This is a very handsome service and bears the fol- 
lowing inscription: "Mixe not holy (hinges with pro- 



12 



fane." Ex dono Francisi Morrison, Armigerh, Anno 
Do in i, 1661. 

The churchyard probahbj dates hack to 1017. al- 
though the oldest tomb ever found here the date of 
L6S2. There arc a number of stones that evidently 
weie placed prior to this, hut the inscriptions are 
illegible, and therefore of uncertain date. Relic 
hunters and sailors, prior to the time that "The As- 
sociation for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- 
ties" became owners of the church, removed a greal 
many gravestones, much to the distress of every one. 

Among the grave-stones, interesting to the sight- 
seer, may be mentioned those thai mark the graves of 
The Honorable Philip Ludwell and his wife, Han- 
nah Ludwell; Jacobus Blair and his wife, Ladj 
Sarah Blair; Benjamin Harrison, Edwards, ami 
Jacqulin. 

Sir George Yeardley is also supposed to be buried 
here, and his grave-stone is supposed to he in the 
aisle of the church, hut this i< qoI warranted by 
proof. Just here it is interesting to note that the 



3amcsto\vn 



spot where the English are supposed to have landed 
first is just about one hundred yards west of the 
tower. 

Numerous interesting relics have been found at 
Jamestown during recent years by Mr. Leal, of 
"The Association for the Preservation of Virginia 
Antiquities." 

Among those to be seen now are coffin-plates and 
nails, parts of armor, stirrups, bits and spurs; scis- 
sors, canon shells, bullets, halburts, Indian pipes. 
arrow heads, spears, ami pottery. 

In 1903, Mr. Yonge discovered the foundations 
of the old State House, Philip Ludwell's three houses 
and Summer House. "The Association for the Pre- 
servation of Virginia Antiquities" had them un- 
earthed, built up, and protected by cement. 

These houses were probably built about L664 or 
L665 (and used at that time by the General Assem- 
bly). Collectively these foundations are two hun- 



dred and forty feet long, the walls very heavy, and 
range from twenty-four to fortv-six feet in width. 

Much credit is due "The Association for the Pre- 
servation of Virginia Antiquities" and its agents. 
Mr. Leal, Mr. John Tyler, dr.. and Mr. Samuel II. 
Yonge, for their untiring effort in preserving this, 
* the oldest landmark of the English in America, and 
discovering what would have probably otherwise es- 
eaped attention. 

The United State- Government ha- jusl completed 
a sea wall around the western end of the island to 
protect it from the encroaching tide-, whose ceas 
inflow has washed away no little part of this historic 
landmark. 

A very handsome monument i- under construction 
now given bv the United States Government; and 
the Colonial 1 lames of America are building a chapel 
over tlie old foundations. 



13 



MUltamsbuuo 



Location 

T7T1 ILLIAMSBDRQ is located oh the 
backbone of the Virginia Penin- 
sula, lying between the York and 
James Rivers, and is 100 feel above 
the level of the sea. 

It is on the main line of the 
Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, 
which makes i1 very accessible to 
tourists from North, South, East, 
and West. 
Williamsburg is 7 miles from the historic James- 
town, 12 miles from Yorktown, and 35 miles from 
Old Point. It is 27 miles from Newporl News. 39 
from Norfolk and the Exposition Grounds; 160 
miles from Washington, 172 miles from Baltimore, 
and 325 mile- fn m New Y< rk. 




historical 

In 1632 the settlers becoming somewhal dissatis- 
fied with the unhealthfulness of .lame-town, began 
to migrate to parts where malaria and the mosquito 
were less prevalent. 

A portion went up the river and settled along its 
shores, and part came inland and settled •"Middle 
Plantation" (subsequently called Williamsburg). 
Mere a parish was established, and it is supposed a 
temporary church was built, presumably where Bru- 
ton Church now stands. However, it is an established 
fact, that there was a church in Middle Plantation in 
1665. 

Little is known of Williamsburg during the years 
between L632 and 1674, the court record- having 
been destroyed during the late war. The Parish 
Register of Bruton Church goes back as far as 1674, 
and contains many interesting entries. Williams- 
burg contain- more places of historic interest than 
doe- any village in America. 



1 1 




Duke of Gloucester Street looking west. Colonial Capitol and Clerk's Office in foreground 



Milliamslnmi 



H Crip to SHUiamsburg 

Duke of Gloucester Street, (cuts opp. pages 14 
and 39) the main thoroughfare of the town, runs easj 
and west, as also do Francis and Nicholson Streets. 

These thoroughfares are intersected by numerous 
cross streets, which running from east to west, bear 
the names respectively of Botetourt, Queen, England 
King, Nassau, Henry, and Boundary. 

Most of the places of historic interest are located 
on, or can be seen from Duke of Gloucester Street. 
To facilitate matters, tourists should go to the Court 
Green of Colonial Inn, -which is situated in the center 
of the town, and there begin their journey. 

At the inn the visitor may see an unusual collec- 
tion of antique furniture, china, silver and brass. 

Continuing up (West) Duke of Gloucester Street. 
the Court Green is on the right. Here athletic con- 
tests have been engaged in for over a hundred years. 
Located on this Green is the Old Court House (cut 
opp. page 26), said by some to have been planned by 
Sir Christopher Wren, and built in 1769. This old 



building, which is in a perfect state of preservation, 
has been the scene of many interesting Legal battles 
and public assemblages. 

One square up, to the right you will see the •"Palace 
Green," at the north end of which is the Matthew 
Whaley School (cut page 33), which was built 
on the site of the Colonial Palace. 

Leaving Duke of Gloucester Street, turning to the 
righl down Dunmore Street, for a square to Nichol- 
son Street, one may find the site of "the First 
Theatre in America"; built, 1716. In this theatre 
Miss Johnston's character "Audrey" is supposed 1" 
have played "Tamerlane." Across Palace Green, 
from the site of the first theatre, en Tyler Street 
yen will see the Home of (Iconic Wythe (cut page 
.'!."> ). the great jurist. This was also the headquarters 
of Genera] Washington in 1781. The tourists will 
come next to Bruton Church (cuts opp. pages 16-18.) 

This ancient house of worship succeeded the 
church at Jamestown, and is most probably the 



oldest church standing in America. It was organized 



1G 




A Colonial Scene, from a painting of Bruton Church, now in Metropolitan Museum <>l Art 



Milliamslnmi 



in 1632, and a church was built some time between 
1632 ami 1 665, the exacl date being unknown. 

'In' presenl brick church was built in 1715, dur- 
ing the ministry of Rev. James Blair, and adminis- 
tration of Governor Alexander Spottswood, who drew 
tin- plans. 

The Genera] Assembly appropriated two hundred 
pounds, and each inhabitant was to pay a lew of 
thirty-one pounds of tobacco for the erection of this. 
tli. 1 new church. 

'! lif walls of thi- church are still standing in their 
original state, the interior ami roof having been re- 
paired t rum time t<> time. 

In 1^1".' the old pews were cut down, ami in 1839 
in- interior of the church was changed materially. 

A partition was placed etitting off ■ end of the 

cross, the tiled 8 • removed, ami the walls decorated. 

In May, 1905, work was begun to restore the old 
church to its original form as near as possible. This 
has hern done, the work having been completed in 
Jnlv, 1906. 



The church is built in the form of a Greek cross, 
with the chancel in the east, and tower in the we--. 
On the walls may he seen a number of interesting 
memorial tablets, ami in the tiled aisle numerotis 
tombstones over a century old. 

Here may he seen three Communion Services, 
the Jamestown Service (rut opp. page 6, described on 
page 12), the George 111 Service, presented to the 
church h\ George 111 of England, bearing the motto 
"Hnni Soit qui mal v pense." ami the ser- 
^ vice presented by Lady Gooch which hears the date "I 
1686. These Communion Services, in addition to being 
antique, are extremely handsome. 

The hell hears the date of 1761 and the parish 
register has for the date of its first entry hill. 

The church yard (cut page -ill contains) the 
tombstones of numbers of men prominent in the early 
history of Vi rginia. 

The date of the oldest tomb to he seen now i- 1678. 
The inscriptions en some of the tombs are mere than 
v/orl h one's while to note. 
18 




Bruton Church viewed from Duke of Gloucester Street 



MUUamsburg 



Leaving Bruton Church and continuing up the 
right side of Duke of Gloucester Si net for a square 
and a half, the visitor will see the •Home of John 
Blair,' member of the Genera] Assembly and judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United States, ap- 
pointed 1>\ Washington. 

Ai the west end of Duke of Gloucester Sired 
stands William and Mary i'tjllajv ( cut opp. page 20), 
lie.' second oldest institution of Learning in America. 

In 1691 there having been for a uumber of years 
an efforl made by the inhabitants of Virginia to es 
tablish a college, the General Assembly sent Rev. 
James Blair to England, to solicit funds and obtain 
a charter. The plan was to educate ministers so that 
ili' Christian religion mighl be propagated among 
the Indian-, and to educate the youth of Virginia. 
The plan met with tie' approval of King William 
and Queen Mary, and the charter was readily 
granted. The Rev. .!■ s Blair, who had been un- 
tiring in hi- efforl to establish the college, was elected 
first president. 



The college was endowed, received a granl of .ami, 
ami wa- allowed representation in the General As- 
sembly. 

Idii- college building was planned and built some 
time between 1692 and lino, hut was destroyed by 
tiie in 1705. 

It was, however, rebuill upon the original site and 
completed in 1723. lie- college was again the victim 
of flames in 1859, ami again in L862, hut each time 
was rebuilt on it- original walls. 
+ In the library a number of interesting portraits, 
books, ami relies may he seen. 

Under the college are buried the bodies of Sir 
John Randolph and his two <mi<, Peyton ami John 
Randolph, Lord Botetourt, Bishop Madison, ami 
l lhancellor Nelson. 

Among the alumni of William and Mary, promi- 
nent in the early .history of ibis country, may he 
mentioned Richard Bland, Dabney Carr, Peyton 
Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, John Tyler, Edmund 
Randolph, James Monroe, and John Marshall. 




The ( lollege of William and \1ar\ 



llHilltamslnuii 



In addition to those mentioned, prominenl in the 
making of the Union, William and Mary for a num- 
ber of years contributed her share of senators ami 
representatives ami other men prominenl in the 
United Slates. 

In ihi' center of the campus may he seen the Statue 
of NoTborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt, ami the 
Spottswood < 'dnnon. 

< hi the north side of the campus may lie seen the 
President's House (cut opp. page 28), which was 
accidentia burned in 17M by French troops, ami 
rebuill by Louis XV I. out of his private exchequer. 

The Brafferton Building (nil page 29 i is -im 
ated on the south side of the campus. It was the 
firsl Indian School in America, being endowed by 
the esiaie of Hon. Roberl Boyle, after his death, in 
1691. 

Leaving William and Mary College, and continu- 
ing down (East) Duke of Gloucester to Henry 
Street, and thence down Henry to Francis Street, 



the visitor will see the Eastern State Hospital, built 
in 1758, the oldesl hospital for the insane in Amer- 
ica. 

On the hospital grounds may he seen the "Six- 
Chimney Let," where Washington made love In 
Martha Custis. 

Returning to Duke of Gloucester Street, from the 
hospital along Nassau Street, continuing down this 
thoroughfare a square, the visitor will see opposite 
Bruton Church the "Headquarters of the Colonists" 
where quaint relics and brassware are on ex- 
hibition. A little over a square fn m "The ( lolonists," 
on the same side of the street, will be seen The 
Debtors' Prison (cu1 page 32), built about 1800, 
and used while the Poor Debtor Law was in vogue 
in Virginia. The whipping posl was about fifty 
yards down the hill from the prison, in a southeaster- 
ly direction. A square down from the prison, opposite 
"The Inn," may he seen the < >l<l Powder limn. Imilt 
under Alexander Spotswood's administration as Gov- 
22 




I', .in I Inrper'i M 



Copy right, ISttli, by tliirpr & Brnlliera 

Colonial C lapitol 



Milliamslniio 



ernor, in 1714. This old building is octagonal in 
shape, with a total perimeter of 108 feet, and is 
about 50 feet in height. The Magazine, as it was 
called, was used for an armory, blacksmith shop, ami 
storeroom for powder. Lord Dunmore, in 1775, had 
<-ei-iaiii powder, which had been stored away in the 
Powder Born to he used in ease of insurrection, etc., 
moved in the dead of the night on heard the schooner 



Magdalen, at that ti 



lying in York River. This 



caused great exeitemenl among the inhabitants of 
Williamsburg, and a number of citizens were organ 
ized into a com], any lead by Patrick Henry. This 
difficulty between Dunmore and Henry was in a way 
adjusted, but Dunmore sought refuge on hoard a man- 
or! war lying a! Vorktown and never came hack to 
Virginia. 

Rev. A\ . A. R. Goodwin in a recent article has de- 
scribed the result of this event as follows: "Thus the 
old Powder Horn wa^ the center of the agitation, 
which severed tin' firsl link in the chain, which 
through unwise and oppressive taxation, hail come 



io be a tyrant's bond placed upon a free ami loyal 
people." 

Since the Revolution, this historical old building 
has lieen utilized for various purposes, namely, mar- 
ket house, school. Haptist church, dance hall, ('on- 
federate arsenal and stable. It has at lasl fallen 
into the hands of that noble lot of workers, "The 
Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiqui- 
ties," who have repaired ii and converted it into a 
museum. They at presenl have numerous relics 
interesting to tourists, which can he seen at any 
time. 

Leaving the Powder Horn and going down Duke 
of Gloucester Street the visitor will note the quaint 
architectural lines of some of the houses. Reaching 
the east end of this street where ii bifurcates, you 
will see the foundations of the old capitol (cut opp. 
pace 22), and the clerk's office to the House of Bur- 
gesses. 

In 1699 the capitol was removed from Jamestown 
io Williamsburg and a very pretentious brick build 



24 




The OKI Powder Horn 



IWUUamsburo 



ing was buill in the form of an II. This edifice was 
called the Capitol, the word used for the firsl time 
hi America. The building was burned in L746, re- 
built .;ii its original walls and burned again in L832. 
The capitol of this State was removed from Wil- 
liamsburg to Richmond in 1779. This old building 
unquestionably figured more extensively than any 
other in the creation of this, the United States of 

America. 

Turning to the right from the Capitol, the visitor 
'•' mes to the home of Peyton Randolph, rirst Preai- ,, 
dent of ili" Continental Congress, on Francis Sir 



This house i- built on the site of the old Raleigh 
Tavern. 

Continuing up Duke of Gloucester Streel mid 
turning to the right, the tourist will see on Nicholson 
Street, immediately behind "The Inn." the home ol 
William Wirt, Chancellor of Virginia. 

The visitor may now reach Tazewell Hal], the 
home of Edmund Randolph, by going up Duke oi 
Gloucester to England Street and down England 
Streel two si pi a res. 

"The Virginia Gazette,"founded 1736, by William 



reet 

and a little further down the same street Bassett Hall Parks ' w:ls ""' first '"•"-■'•'I"' 1 ' '" publish an account 

will be sc-n. This was the home of Hon. Burwell of the surrende r of Cornwallis at Yorktown. 

Bassett, and later of John Tyler, President of the Tlli> P a P er iv "''" '" existence, and can be had al 

I rnited States, in Is 11. news-stands. 

Now, if the visitor will retrace his steps to Duke Fort Magruder is one mile from Williamsburg, 

"l Gloucester Streel and go up the right side of the on the Yorktown road. Here may be seen some of 

streel for a square he will see the store of I.. W. Lane. the fortifications built during the Civil War. 



26 




The Old Court House 



MUltamslnmi 



Seven miles from Williamsburg is historic "Car 
ter's Grove," generally considered the most perfect 
type of colonial architecture in Virginia. 

In addition to the places of historic interest in this + 



old town the visitor will notice the old brass door- 
knockers adorning the entrances to a number of 
houses, and numberless pieces of old mahogany, and 
antique silver and china. 




Scene of Williamsburg: from Court Green 



28 




President's Mouse. William ami Mary Colle«r 



f 




The Brafferton Buildiim 




liruton Church Ynrd 




Poor Dehior's Prison 




Matthew Whaley School, built on site of Colonial Palace 




Home of Peyton Randolph 




Home ot George Wythe 




Home of John Blaii 




Bassett Hall 



HJorktown 




ORKTOWN is beautifully situated 

\\\ on the York River, just a few miles 

<5^ from its mouth. It is twelve miles 

from Williamsburg, and uo1 fortu- 
nate enough to have any modern 
innovations, such as railroads, etc. 
The up -i direct, as well as pleasant, 
route I" this historic town is by 
carriage from Williamburg, al- 
though it may be reached by steam 
boat from Baltimore. 
Yorktown was founded and laid out about 1705 
by Mr. Thomas Nelson. Two wars have reduced 
Yorktown to such dilapidation that only its history, 
the very handsome monument, and its beautiful 
view 1 of York River remain. The most important 
places of historic interesl to be seen arc, the first 

Custom House, the fortifications, and the M 'e 

and Nelson Houses. The old Custom House (cut 



opp. page 40) is still standing and in a remarkably 
good State of preservation. 

Yorktown prim- to the Revolution was the largest 
port in Virginia, hence i1 received the lir-i custom 
house. 

The Nelson House (cut page l_), the most 
pretentious dwelling in the town, was built by Mr. 
Thomas Nelson, who was a1 that time Governor of 
Virginia. 

Tradition lias it that when the British army in- 

* vaded Yorktown, General Nelson, fearing thai his 

home would shelter British officers, offered a reward 

of five guineas to every gunner who would strike it. 

There is a cave on the shore supposed to be the 
one that Cornwallis retired to, but there is nothing 
authentic to be found abi ut it. 

The monument (out page 1-3) was erected in 
L882, and is of great beauty. The field where the 
surrender of ( lornwallis occurred is about a half mile 
east of Yorktown. 
39 



IDorlrtown 



I'll • capitulation papers of surrender were drawn- 
u|i in the "Moore House," (cut page ll> about 
a mile from Forktown. During the Civil War M.c- 



Clellan's army completed the wreck of this, an al 
ready ruined town. 




to 




The Old Custom House 




The Nelson House 




s 





II 



|J ur. )•■•) $ 5«^ 





The Moore House 



Zbe Colonial Unit 



[AS been enlarged and will be the headquarters for tourists during the Exposition. Repro- 
ductions of Colonial Door Knockers and other brass goods, also Souvenir Books of 
Jamestown, Williamsburg and Yorktown, will be found at the office of the Inn. A 
macadamized road will be built from the C. & O. depot at Williamsburg to Jamestown 
Island. A good stage of automobile line will run between these two points, thus en- 
abling tourists to visit two of the most historic places on the American continent at a 
small cost and in a short space of time. The Inn is located in the central part of the 
city, and overlooks the historic Court Green. Elevation 97 feet above tidewacer Aver- 
age temperature as follows : Spring 57°, Summer 77°, Autumn 60°, Winter 41°. Good telegraph, tele- 
phone, and express service. Six mails daily. The parlors and library are filled with antiques. The dining 
room is large and airy. Good plain Virginia cooking. Livery connected with Hotel. Bus meets all trains. 
Open all year. Rates $2.50 and up. For any information desired, apply to 

3. B. <E. SpCllCer, Proprietor. 







fe nc^nfil 






























■ 


i m 















TRatural Brtooe IHotels 



O^j N attractive side trip from Jamestown 

is to the famous Natural Bridge of 
Virginia, which ranks among the 
greatest curiosities of the world. It 

fis situated in the most picturesque 
section of the Blue Ridge Mountains. 
A new hotel with all modern improve- 
ments. A hue livery. Hacks meet all 
trains. Reached by C. & 0. and N. & W. Rail- 



W'.'l vs. 



Apply to 



<L M. partem, 

Manager. 




The Natural Bridee Hotels 



Colonial Brass Marc 




<7f HE Tourists, especially those who are interested in things colonial, will un- 
^^ doubtedlv be impressed by the quaintness and historical atmosphere of 

Williamsburg. 

Although over two hundred years have passed since this old town came 
into existance, it is in many respects just as isolated in its every day life as it 
was in the days of the Colonists. 

Brown-stone houses and trolley cars have not as yet supplanted the archi- 
tecture of Sir Christopher Wren and the old ox-carts. 

Neither have the old colonial door knockers been substituted by modern 
innovations, but are still used to summons servants to the doors. 

These old door knockers, with their bright polished faces, stand like forgotten senti- 
nels in an environment which witnessed many of the closing scenes of our people's 
struggle for liberty. 

The door knockers, of which we are offering reproductions, each have a history and 
are named in turn " The Blair," "Wythe" and "Wirt" Knocker. 
Reproductions can onlv be furnished by us, 

£bc Colonists 

(Opposite Bruton Church) CQUltamsburg, Va. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




TMI FRANKLIN PRIS« CO. 

PKTCHSBuna, v*. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
I III II III I II I 



014 441 839 6 4 



